DIY: Solar Powered Wildlife Waterer Bird Bath Fountain

writ­ten 6/17/24, updat­ed 6/27/25

Overview

What

DIY foun­tain with small water pump for mov­ing water

Why

Water aer­a­tion not only pre­vents stag­na­tion but also kills mos­qui­to lar­vae. Birds and oth­er wildlife enjoy drink­ing and occa­sion­al­ly bathing in it

Time and Effort

1 per­son project

Time: 30 min­utes, more for paint

Effort: Easy

Materials and Cost

*8″ Deep Plant Saucers (what­ev­er size you want)

*Plas­tic Round Bird Feed­er Bowl

6W Mini USB Solar Pan­el 5V/1A

5V USB Sub­mersible Water Pump with Tub­ing

Out­door Acrylic Paint and Brush­es

Out­door Mod­Podge

Your choice of stand/pole mount/holder

$16.99

$11.99

$13.99

$9.99

$20

$6.99

$18.99

I already had the paint, brush­es, Mod Podge, and sub­mersible pump, plus a coupon, so my total cost is dif­fer­ent than the total cost of sup­plies

Oth­er Sup­plies: Dri­ver, Drill Bits, Rock(s)

*Option­al or In-Place-Of: 3D Print­ed bowl and/or tray is the eas­i­est and cheap­est method if you hap­pen to have one

Total Cost: $98.94

My Cost: $56.36

Bird Bath Hold­er options:

  • Pole-mount dish
  • In-ground dish hold­er
  • Deck rail-mount­ed dish
  • Free-stand­ing hold­er
  • Or just on the ground

Process

This orig­i­nal­ly start­ed as a bird­bath, but not only was it too small to be a bird­bath, but none of the ani­mals used it as that. They were more inter­est­ed in drink­ing the water, so now it’s a Wildlife Water­er. Occa­sion­al­ly, the cam­era aimed at it will catch a bird bathing in it

Schematic

Drill Holes in Upper Tray

Drill Holes in the plas­tic bird bowl (small­er holes for water pas­sage, big for the tube), and a notch for the pow­er cord.

You can place the water hose in the cen­ter or off­set depend­ing on your pref­er­ence

*3D Printer

Eas­i­est and cheap­est method if you hap­pen to own a machine

If using 3D print­er, I’d rec­om­mend this BOWL cus­tomized to your spec­i­fi­ca­tions (reduced the thick­ness). You can add a lit­tle notch for the pow­er cord.

When in doubt choose a dark col­or (pre­vents light pen­e­tra­tion which allows algae to grow). My design allows for the sys­tem to be eas­i­ly tak­en apart and cleaned. The rea­son there’s a reser­voir of water that hous­es the pump under­neath the tray is that offer­ing ani­mals tox­ic algae or fun­gus-infect­ed water can kill them.

The lit­tle tabs are option­al
The tray had bro­ken over the win­ter just enough to allow the cord to pass through.

Paint

If using clear saucers/bowl, paint out­er lay­er (use 3 or 4 lay­ers as they are so thin). Dark­er are bet­ter col­ors to pre­vent algae.

Note: Appar­ent­ly, birds are attract­ed to either their own plumage col­ors or for the shy birds, neu­tral col­ors like drab green, gray, and brown. Birds sup­pos­ed­ly dis­like white.

Assembly

Because I was using cheap saucers, I stacked them 3 or 4 deep (for strength). Then, the sub­mersible pump goes on the bot­tom. On top of that, place the drilled bowl to cre­ate sep­a­ra­tion from the motor, pass­ing the tube and cords through their respec­tive holes

Fill with water

By the Power of the Sun

Con­nect the male USB of the sub­mersible pump to the female USB on the solar pan­el (or how­ev­er your pow­er hookup is) and test out the water flow.

Inter­est­ing Note: there must be enough light to start the motor, but sub­se­quent pow­er requires much less (physics!). Mean­ing, even though direct sun­light is need­ed to start the pump, indi­rect sun­light (part shade) is okay for con­tin­u­ous oper­a­tion

Con­nect the cables

Pow­er!!!

Start­ing ‘er up!
Sun on! Sun Off!

Tube Orientation Options

  • Cut the tube short­er
  • Place a lit­tle aer­a­tor on the end and drill small holes in the top of the tube to cre­ate a sprin­kler effect
  • No tube, just pure aer­a­tion

Long Tube — water cur­rent

With­out Tube — lots of bub­bles

Short Tube

I was test­ing stuff out on a heat­ed water­er I bought lat­er after mak­ing mine

Aer­at­ed Short Tube

The aer­a­tor is just a ran­dom thing I found out­side on the ground while walk­ing the dog. It just so hap­pens to be the right size and flex­i­bil­i­ty for the hose. If you look up “Rub­ber Sil­i­cone Round Plugs” you’ll see sev­er­al of them. Like THIS

Additions

Place dec­o­ra­tive rocks or plain rocks so that bees and small­er birds can perch safe­ly

Get (or 3D print) foun­tain noz­zles for fun sprays

Cleaning!!!

You MUST clean these! As stat­ed above, algae blooms are tox­ic to ani­mals. Sim­i­lar­ly, if too much debris rots in the water­er, fun­gus can also infect the ani­mals. Warm water and soap. If using rocks, I’ll brush them with a brush. Let them air dry, then return them to the crit­ters

Nasty algae. When clean­ing, my paper tow­el turned red. Red algae blooms are extreme­ly tox­ic. Not just for the wild crit­ters, but also my dog who likes to lick stuff all the time

Finished!

EV Charging Station Statistics Comparison

writ­ten 07/22/23, updat­ed 07/22/23

Pur­pose

Bat­tery elec­tric vehi­cle (EV/BEV) charg­ing sta­tion com­par­i­son

Vehi­cle

2023 Ford Mus­tang Mach-E4, Select, Stan­dard Range (70kWh capac­i­ty, 110kW DC max charge)

Loca­tion

North­ern VA

Companies/Stations

Blink, EVgo, Home (120V), Sema­Con­nect (now absorbed by Blink), Vol­ta

Dura­tion

Start Date: Jan­u­ary 21, 2023 — cur­rent

Notes

Aver­age is cal­cu­lat­ed for all, with Medi­an mea­sured when ample data acquired

Charging Stations (A‑Z)

  1. Charg­ing Sta­tions (A‑Z)
    1. Blink Charg­ing
    2. EVgo
    3. Home 1 (120V) — exten­sion cord
    4. Home 2 (120V) — no exten­sion cord
    5. Sema­Con­nect (now defunct)
    6. Vol­ta Charg­ing
  • Amer­i­can charg­ing com­pa­ny based in Mia­mi, FL.
  • 1 of 3 charg­ing com­pa­nies con­tract­ed by USPS to pro­vide charg­ing.
  • Acquired Sema­Con­nect June 2022.

*My usage of Blink is the same hard­ware as Sema­Con­nect I’d used for half the year. First use of Blink was June 30, 2023

Blink Charg­ingAVERAGEMEDIAN
Fuel Time Dura­tion (hours)8.3 hours
Trip Dis­tance (mi)151.7 mi
Total Bat­tery Charged (%)62%
Fuel Vol­ume (kWh)43.4 kWh
Miles Gained (mi)164 mi
Total Cost ($)$6.60
Cost per kWh ($/kWh)$0.15
Charge Rate (kW)5.22
Charge Effi­cien­cy (mi/hour)19.7 mi/h
Charge Effi­cien­cy (%/hour)7.5 %/h
Num­ber of Charge Ses­sions2

EVgo

  • Found­ed Octo­ber 2010; HQ Los Ange­les, CA
  • DC Fast Charg­er
  • Acquired the com­pa­ny behind PlugShare July 2021
  • Part­nered with GM in 2022
  • Part­nered with Ama­zon 2023
EVgoAVERAGEMEDIAN
Fuel Time Dura­tion (hours)0.5 hours
Trip Dis­tance (mi)126.7 mi
Total Bat­tery Charged (%)34%
Fuel Vol­ume (kWh)23.7 kWh
Miles Gained (mi)88 mi
Total Cost ($)$9.10
Cost per kWh ($/kWh)$0.46
Charge Rate (kW)39.73 kW
Charge Effi­cien­cy (mi/hour)141.4 mi/h
Charge Effi­cien­cy (%/hour)53.1%/h
Num­ber of Charge Ses­sions4

Home 1 (120V) — extension cord

  • 120V stan­dard out­let plug (actu­al volt­age: ~117V)
  • Exten­sion cord + portable charg­er
  • Exten­sion Cord: Clear Pow­er 50ft 10⁄3 SJTOW extra heavy-duty weath­er resis­tant exten­sion cord
  • Portable Charg­er: ZENCAR lev­el 1 charg­er, 16A, 25ft (has read­out for data)
  • Rough­ly 30 ft from out­let to car charge port
  • Long length of cords cre­ates a lot of elec­tri­cal resis­tance, espe­cial­ly when coiled
  • Cost per kWh is aver­age per month from the elec­tric bill
Home (120V)AVERAGEMEDIAN
Fuel Time Dura­tion (hours)8.7 hours
Trip Dis­tance (mi)61 mi
Total Bat­tery Charged (%)12%
Fuel Vol­ume (kWh)8.2 kWh
Miles Gained (mi)24 mi
Total Cost ($)$1.35
Cost per kWh ($/kWh)$0.15
Charge Rate (kW)0.6 kW
Charge Effi­cien­cy (mi/hour)2.8 mi/h
Charge Effi­cien­cy (%/hour)1.4 %/h
Num­ber of Charge Ses­sions3

Home 2 (120V) — no extension cord

  • 120V stan­dard out­let plug (actu­al volt­age: ~121V)
  • Portable charg­er
  • Portable Charg­er: ZENCAR lev­el 1 charg­er, 16A, 25ft (has read­out for data)
  • Rough­ly 7 ft from out­let to car charge port
  • Long length of cords cre­ates a lot of elec­tri­cal resis­tance, espe­cial­ly when coiled
  • Cost per kWh is aver­age per month from the elec­tric bill
Home (120V)AVERAGEMEDIAN
Fuel Time Dura­tion (hours)1.5 hours
Trip Dis­tance (mi)57 mi
Total Bat­tery Charged (%)2%
Fuel Vol­ume (kWh)1.7 kWh
Miles Gained (mi)4 mi
Total Cost ($)$0.29
Cost per kWh ($/kWh)$0.15
Charge Rate (kW)0.9 kW
Charge Effi­cien­cy (mi/hour)1.9 mi/h
Charge Effi­cien­cy (%/hour)1.3 %/h
Num­ber of Charge Ses­sions4

SemaConnect (now defunct)

  • Found­ed 2008; HQ Bowie, MD
  • Local to the DMV (DC, Mary­land, Vir­ginia) area
  • Acquired by Blink Charg­ing June 2022
  • Mahi Red­dy, CEO of Sema­Con­nect, joined board of direc­tors of Blink Charg­ing
Sema­Con­nectAVERAGEMEDIAN
Fuel Time Dura­tion (hours)7.1 hours7.9 hours
Trip Dis­tance (mi)121.5 mi122.5 mi
Total Bat­tery Charged (%)60%48%
Fuel Vol­ume (kWh)42.5 kWh33.4 kWh
Miles Gained (mi)139 mi123 mi
Total Cost ($)$7.27$7.98
Cost per kWh ($/kWh)$0.16$0.18
Charge Rate (kW)6.17 kW6.03 kW
Charge Effi­cien­cy (mi/hour) 19.3 mi/h18.8 mi/h
Charge Effi­cien­cy (%/hour)8.4 %/h8.4 %/h
Num­ber of Charge Ses­sions2525

Notes

  • First 3 charges were free, then paid
  • Trends more effi­cient­ly as tem­per­a­ture increas­es
  • Once a week charg­ing

Volta Charging

  • Found­ed 2010; HQ Hawaii
  • Free charg­ing, pow­ered by adver­tise­ments
  • Acquired by Shell USA March 2023
Vol­ta Charg­ingAVERAGEMEDIAN
Fuel Time Dura­tion (hours)0.6 hours
Trip Dis­tance (mi)12 mi
Total Bat­tery Charged (%)6%
Fuel Vol­ume (kWh)3.9 kWh
Miles Gained (mi)13 mi
Total Cost ($)$0
Cost per kWh ($/kWh)$0
Charge Rate (kW)6.4 kW
Charge Effi­cien­cy (mi/hour)21.2 mi/h
Charge Effi­cien­cy (%/hour)8.9%/h
Num­ber of Charge Ses­sions4